{"id":328,"date":"2022-01-15T21:01:49","date_gmt":"2022-01-15T21:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/?p=328"},"modified":"2022-01-15T21:27:40","modified_gmt":"2022-01-15T21:27:40","slug":"notes-clefs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/2022\/01\/15\/notes-clefs\/","title":{"rendered":"Notes &#038; Clefs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Staves<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01-745x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-331\" width=\"373\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01-745x1024.png 745w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01-218x300.png 218w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01-768x1056.png 768w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01-1118x1536.png 1118w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01-1490x2048.png 1490w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01-1568x2155.png 1568w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_01.png 1688w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><figcaption>Fig. 1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Usually music is written on a five-line staff.<\/li><li>More than five lines are used for <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tablature\" target=\"_blank\">tabulature<\/a> (a common form of notation for the guitar or the lute)<\/li><li>Less than five lines are used for percussion instruments or <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregorian_chant#Notation\" target=\"_blank\">square notation<\/a><\/li><li>Stems: they change the direction in the middle line of a staff (stems up when a note is placed on the lower lines and stem down when a note is placed in the upper part of the staff (see figure 2)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_02-1024x260.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_02-1024x260.png 1024w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_02-300x76.png 300w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_02-768x195.png 768w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_02-1536x389.png 1536w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_02-2048x519.png 2048w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_02-1568x398.png 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Fig. 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clefs<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Treble clef<br><\/strong>Used for: high instruments such as violin, flute, oboe, clarinet, trumpet<\/li><li><strong>Alto clef<br><\/strong>Used for: middle instruments such as viola, trombone (high), English horn (low)<\/li><li><strong>Tenor clef<br><\/strong>Used for: low instruments in their high registers such as violoncello (high), bassoon (high), trombone (high)<\/li><li><strong>Bass clef<br><\/strong>Used for: low instruments such as tuba, bassoon, trombone, violoncello as standard clef<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"285\" src=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_03-1024x285.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_03-1024x285.png 1024w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_03-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_03-768x214.png 768w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_03-1536x427.png 1536w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_03-2048x570.png 2048w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_03-1568x436.png 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Fig. 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Other clefs exist, but they are no longer used as standard clefs, which means they should not be used any longer as they are uncomfortable to read for most musicians (e.g French violin clef, soprano clef, mezzo-soprano clef, baritone clef)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Evolution: The clefs came up together with the introduction of staff lines (G. v. Arezzo, around 1025);<br>(clef-) symbol means: letter of the note, which is set on the clef&#8217;s line (see figure 4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_04-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-338\" width=\"398\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_04-1.png 795w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_04-1-300x272.png 300w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_04-1-768x696.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\" \/><figcaption>Fig. 4 \u2013 source: <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Notenschl%C3%BCssel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wikipedia.org<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Octave of a pitch<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two common terminologies:<br>a) Using capitals and small letters with additional strokes ( &#8216; and , )<br>b) Refering to the keys of a piano. The lowest C on the piano becomes C1 (the lowest key on the piano is usually A0, the highest C8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"404\" src=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_05-1-1024x404.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_05-1-1024x404.png 1024w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_05-1-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_05-1-768x303.png 768w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_05-1-1536x606.png 1536w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_05-1-2048x808.png 2048w, https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/fig_05-1-1568x619.png 1568w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Fig. 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A short chapter about notes, staffs, clefs and the basics of the Western notation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,4],"tags":[14],"class_list":["post-328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-basics","category-fundamentals","tag-easy","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=328"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":354,"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/revisions\/354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chrenhart.eu\/mth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}